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美國國會(huì)網(wǎng)站截圖
上述消息一出,在美上市的中資企業(yè)股票逆勢下挫 : 尚德機(jī)構(gòu)跌12.18%,寺庫跌9.03%,華米科技跌8.65%,阿里巴巴跌2.48%,百度跌2.09%,攜程跌2.03%,百濟(jì)神州跌2.99%。
報(bào)道分析,雖然該該法案可能適用于任何尋求進(jìn)入美國資本的外國公司,但議員們說,加強(qiáng)信息披露要求的舉措“主要是針對北京”。該法案參議員獲得兩黨一致通過(注:這種情況在美國不多見),反映出美國議員們對“中國漠視美國財(cái)務(wù)披露標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的憤怒。
矛盾與爭議的焦點(diǎn)
美國參議院通過的這項(xiàng)《外國公司問責(zé)法案》與中國相關(guān)法規(guī)相沖突。
中國有關(guān)法律規(guī)定,跨境證券監(jiān)管事宜應(yīng)通過中國證監(jiān)會(huì)進(jìn)行,現(xiàn)場檢查應(yīng)以中國監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)為主進(jìn)行,或者依賴中國監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)的檢查結(jié)果。而該法案規(guī)定,如果某家在美國上市的公司聘用一家不受外國會(huì)計(jì)公司會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督委員會(huì)(PCAOB)檢查的會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所進(jìn)行審計(jì),那么該法規(guī)將要求一家外國公司證明自己“不為外國政府所擁有或操縱”。如果上述監(jiān)督委員會(huì)連續(xù)3年無法對該公司的進(jìn)行檢查,那么相關(guān)公司發(fā)行的證券將被禁止在全美交易所交易。根據(jù)美媒報(bào)道和所謂指控,爭論的焦點(diǎn)是中國長期以來拒絕允許PCAOB審核在紐約證券交易所、那斯達(dá)克和其他美國交易所上市的公司審計(jì)結(jié)果。
PCAOB一直鮮為人知,該機(jī)構(gòu)是2002年為應(yīng)對安然會(huì)計(jì)丑聞而成立的核查部門,其目的是防止可能導(dǎo)致股東蒙受損失的欺詐和不當(dāng)行為。中國和美國上述爭論焦點(diǎn)問題上一直存在分歧。據(jù)外媒報(bào)道,一些白宮人士一直在敦促川普對審計(jì)核查采取更強(qiáng)硬的立場。
上周,川普在接受??怂股虡I(yè)臺(tái)采訪時(shí)表示,他正「關(guān)注」在紐約證交所和那斯達(dá)克掛牌但不遵守美國會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則的中國公司。不過,他也表示,打擊可能會(huì)適得其反,并只會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些公司轉(zhuǎn)向倫敦或香港的交易所。
中概股排隊(duì)回歸?
據(jù)報(bào)道,A股已向海外上市企業(yè)敞開懷抱,放寬紅籌結(jié)構(gòu)企業(yè)的上市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)便是一項(xiàng)證明。
今年4月,證監(jiān)會(huì)發(fā)布《關(guān)于創(chuàng)新試點(diǎn)紅籌企業(yè)在境內(nèi)上市相關(guān)安排的公告》,為有意愿在境內(nèi)主板、中小板、創(chuàng)業(yè)板和科創(chuàng)板上市的創(chuàng)新試點(diǎn)紅籌企業(yè)提供路徑。其中,就已境外上市的紅籌企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),放寬至市值200億元人民幣以上,且擁有自主研發(fā)、國際領(lǐng)先技術(shù),科技創(chuàng)新能力較強(qiáng),同行業(yè)競爭中處于相對優(yōu)勢地位。同時(shí),創(chuàng)業(yè)板試點(diǎn)注冊制實(shí)施的更加多元的上市條件,也允許符合條件的特殊股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)企業(yè)和紅籌企業(yè)在創(chuàng)業(yè)板上市、為未盈利企業(yè)上市預(yù)留空間。
除A股外,阿里巴巴的赴港上市,及京東、網(wǎng)易、百度、攜程等回港的消息,也引發(fā)了市場開始評估中概股回歸的可能性。去年,中芯國際結(jié)束了在紐約證交所的雙重上市,目前僅在香港上市。本月,中芯國際本月公布了在上??萍紕?chuàng)新板上市的計(jì)劃,該事件被認(rèn)為是有重要方向標(biāo)意義的有意重大事件。
回歸A股的利與弊
申萬宏源認(rèn)為,中概股回歸利于擴(kuò)容國內(nèi)市場核心資產(chǎn)池,亦有助公司價(jià)值發(fā)現(xiàn),利好公司的流動(dòng)性和估值水平。
日經(jīng)中文網(wǎng)分析,美國納斯達(dá)克交易所提出更為嚴(yán)格的新上市標(biāo)準(zhǔn),中國企業(yè)在美國上市的難度加大,中國企業(yè)正被迫調(diào)整融資戰(zhàn)略。中國方面已開始鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)在本土上市。但在中國本土上市也有不利的一面。首先是籌措的資金是人民幣,不是美元。人民幣在換匯和匯款方面有各種制約,特別是在人民幣貶值時(shí),各種限制會(huì)被強(qiáng)化。由于美元的籌措不穩(wěn)定,企業(yè)的海外業(yè)務(wù)將抱有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。2017年至2018年時(shí),海外投資者對新興企業(yè)的投資欲望高,即使是虧損企業(yè)也有籌措巨額資金的可能。在中國本土的上市,有可能獲得不了像海外一樣高的企業(yè)評價(jià)。
根據(jù)美國證監(jiān)會(huì)(SEC)的數(shù)據(jù),中國目前有224家市值合計(jì)超過1.8萬億美元的在美上市公司。
以下是該法案全文(中文翻譯僅供參考,英文原文后附)
第116屆國會(huì)大會(huì)第一屆會(huì)議
S.945
修改2002年的《薩班斯法案》,要求某些發(fā)行人向證券交易委員會(huì)披露有關(guān)外國司法管轄區(qū)的信息,這些司法管轄區(qū)阻止了上市公司會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督委員會(huì)(PCAOB)根據(jù)該法案或出于其他目的進(jìn)行的檢查。
美國參議院
2019年3月28日
KENNEDY先生(本人和VAN HOLLEN先生)介紹了以下法案;經(jīng)兩次閱讀并轉(zhuǎn)交給銀行,住房和城市事務(wù)委員會(huì)
法案
修改2002年《薩班斯-奧克斯利法案》,要求某些發(fā)行人向證券交易委員會(huì)披露有關(guān)外國司法管轄區(qū)的信息,這些司法管轄區(qū)會(huì)阻止上市公司會(huì)計(jì)監(jiān)督委員會(huì)根據(jù)該法案或出于其他目的所進(jìn)行的檢查。
美國國會(huì)參議院和眾議院通過。
第1節(jié) 簡短標(biāo)題
該法案可能被稱為“確保外國公司承擔(dān)責(zé)任法案”。
第2節(jié) 披露要求
在2002年的《薩班斯-奧克斯利法案》(U.S.C. 1524.15)第104節(jié)的末尾增加以下內(nèi)容:
(i)關(guān)于阻止PCAOB 檢查的外國管轄權(quán)的披露。
(1)定義。在本小節(jié)中,
(A)術(shù)語“所涉及的發(fā)行人”是指根據(jù)1934年《證券交易法》第13條或第15(d)條(美國法典第15條第7款,7千8百萬;78o(d))提交報(bào)告的發(fā)行人;和
(B)術(shù)語“非檢查年度”是指對于所涉及發(fā)行人而言,
(i)在此期間,SEC 證券監(jiān)督委員會(huì)針對該發(fā)行人在該年度提交的(A)分段中所述的每份報(bào)告,根據(jù)第(2)(A)款SEC 所確定的該發(fā)行人;
(ii)在本小節(jié)頒布之日之后開始。
(2)披露給SEC委員會(huì)。SEC委員會(huì)應(yīng)-
(A)確定所有所涉及的發(fā)行人,這些發(fā)行人在提交的第(1)(A)款所述的報(bào)告中所包括財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的審計(jì)報(bào)告方面, 所聘請的注冊公共會(huì)計(jì)師,其分支機(jī)構(gòu)或辦事處
(i)位于外國司法管轄區(qū),且
(ii)PCAOB無法根據(jù)本節(jié)要求進(jìn)行檢查;和
(B)要求根據(jù)(A)項(xiàng)所確定的發(fā)行人,根據(jù)SEC委員會(huì)第(4)款發(fā)布的規(guī)則,向委員會(huì)提交文件,證明發(fā)行人不是由(A)(i)項(xiàng)所述的外國管轄權(quán)中的政府實(shí)體擁有或控制的。
(3)三年內(nèi)無法檢查的,則其證券應(yīng)停止交易。
(A)總則。如果委員會(huì)確定發(fā)行人連續(xù)三年沒有進(jìn)行檢查,則委員會(huì)應(yīng)禁止該發(fā)行人的證券在美國證券交易所進(jìn)行交易?!?/span>
(B)初始禁令的取消。——如果在委員會(huì)根據(jù)(A)項(xiàng)對有所涉及的發(fā)行人施加禁令后,該發(fā)行人向委員會(huì)證明該發(fā)行人已經(jīng)聘請了在PCAOB注冊的且經(jīng)過檢查,并符合SEC委員會(huì)滿意的公共會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所,SEC委員會(huì)應(yīng)終止該禁令?!?/span>
(C)無檢查年度的再次發(fā)生?!绻瘑T會(huì)在根據(jù)(B)或(D)項(xiàng)終止對該發(fā)行人的禁令之后,委員會(huì)確定該發(fā)行人在沒有年度檢查的情況下,委員會(huì)應(yīng)禁止該發(fā)行人的證券在美國證券交易所交易。
(D)后續(xù)禁令的取消?!绻晕瘑T會(huì)根據(jù)(C)項(xiàng)對涉及發(fā)行人禁止之日起的5年期限結(jié)束后,發(fā)行人向SEC 證明,發(fā)行人將聘請能夠根據(jù)本節(jié)進(jìn)行檢查的注冊公共會(huì)計(jì)師事務(wù)所,SEC應(yīng)終止該禁令。
(4)實(shí)施細(xì)則。在本款頒布之日起90天之內(nèi),SEC應(yīng)發(fā)布規(guī)則,以確定發(fā)行人應(yīng)分別根據(jù)第(2)(B)款第(i)和(ii)款進(jìn)行披露和提交的表格和提交方式’”。
以下為法案的英文全文:
116TH CONGRESS 1ST SESSION
S. 945
To amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to require certain issuers to disclose to the Securities and Exchange Commission information regard- ing foreign jurisdictions that prevent the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board from performing inspections under that Act, and for other purposes.IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
MARCH 28, 2019
Mr. KENNEDY (for himself and Mr. VAN HOLLEN) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
A BILL
To amend the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to require certain issuers to disclose to the Securities and Exchange Com- mission information regarding foreign jurisdictions that prevent the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board from performing inspections under that Act, and for other purposes.
Be it encacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled.
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act’’.
SEC. 2. DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENT.
Section 104 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (15 U.S.C. 7214) is amended by adding at the end the fol- lowing:
‘‘(i) DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDIC- TIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS.—
‘‘(1) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection—
‘‘(A) the term ‘covered issuer’ means an issuer that is required to file reports under section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 78m; 78o(d)); and
‘‘(B) the term ‘non-inspection year’ means, with respect to a covered issuer, a year—
‘‘(i) during which the Commission identifies the covered issuer under para- graph (2)(A) with respect to every report described in subparagraph (A) filed by the covered issuer during that year; and
‘‘(ii) that begins after the date of the enactment of this subsection.
‘‘(2) DISCLOSURE TO COMMISSION.—The Commission shall—
‘‘(A) identify each covered issuer that, with respect to the preparation of the audit report on the financial statement of the covered issuer that is included in a report described in paragraph (1)(A) filed by the covered issuer, retains
a registered public accounting firm that has a branch or office that—
‘‘(i) is located in a foreign jurisdic- tion; and
‘‘(ii) the Board is unable to inspect under this section; and
‘‘(B) require each covered issuer identified
under subparagraph (A) to, in accordance with the rules issued by the Commission under para- graph (4), submit to the Commission docu- mentation that establishes that the covered issuer is not owned or controlled by a govern- mental entity in the foreign jurisdiction de- scribed in subparagraph (A)(i).
‘‘(3) TRADING PROHIBITION AFTER 3 YEARS OF NON-INSPECTIONS.—
‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If the Commission de- termines that a covered issuer has 3 consecutive non-inspection years, the Commission shall pro- hibit the securities of the covered issuer from being traded on a national securities exchange.
‘‘(B) REMOVAL OF INITIAL PROHIBI- TION.—If, after the Commission imposes a pro- hibition on a covered issuer under subparagraph (A), the covered issuer certifies to the Commission that the covered issuer has re- tained a registered public accounting firm that the Board has inspected under this section to the satisfaction of the Commission, the Com- mission shall end that prohibition.
‘‘(C) RECURRENCE OF NON-INSPECTION YEARS.—If, after the Commission ends a prohi- bition under subparagraph (B) or (D) with re- spect to a covered issuer, the Commission deter- mines that the covered issuer has a non-inspec- tion year, the Commission shall prohibit the se- curities of the covered issuer from being traded on a national securities exchange.
‘‘(D) REMOVAL OF SUBSEQUENT PROHIBI- TION.—If, after the end of the 5-year period be- ginning on the date on which the Commission imposes a prohibition on a covered issuer under subparagraph (C), the covered issuer certifies to the Commission that the covered issuer will re- tain a registered public accounting firm that the Board is able to inspect under this section, the Commission shall end that prohibition.
‘‘(4) RULES.—Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Commission shall issue rules that establish the manner and
form in which a covered issuer shall make a disclo- sure and a submission required under clauses (i) and (ii) of paragraph (2)(B), respectively.’’.
參考資料:美國國會(huì)官網(wǎng),華爾街日報(bào),雅虎金融,日經(jīng)亞洲觀察等。
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